The Hurro-Urartian Substratum in Kurdish (2)

                              (Photo: Kelashin inscription (کێلەشین), in Urartian language, Ushnu (شنۆ), eastern Kurdistan.)

We have already discussed Hurro-Urartian origin of  majority of the place-names in Kurdistan.
This time we are going to elaborate the Hurro-Urartian remains in vocabulary of Kurdish, which survive as a strong substratum. The process of aryanization of Kurdistan, though superficially, began after spread of the first waves of the Indo-Iranic-speaking tribes in the early first millennium BC. The pioneers were Scytho-Cimmerians who invaded the kingdom of Urartu. But it is also known that there were Indo-Iranic horse-trainers in the Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni, about a thousand years earlier).
The pre-Iranic substratum in Kurdish is so significant that it would be safe to consider Kurdish as a creole language. Indeed, there are hardly any cases where there is not a ''native'' Kurdish equivalent for the superimposed Irano-Kurdish words. With Irano-Kurdish it is meant words which could originally be traced to proto-Iranic but over time have changed after Kurdish pohonetic laws.
Since after World War II, linguists, due to lack of interest in Kurdish studies, have often neglected the pre-Iranic substratum in Kurdish and focused merely on the Irano-Kurdish layer. Of the Urartian language is not much known either (about 300 words), however, a strong majority of its known words have a identical or at least close equivalent in Kurdish. Urartian though closely related to Hurrian, sound more similar to Kurdish than does Hurrian; this may depend on the fact that Hurrian was spoken at an earlier time period. Mannaean was another Hurro-Urartian-related dialect spoken south of lake Urmia.

It is also worth noting that Armenian scholars have found a few Urartian words in Armenian, which appear to be borrowings via Kurdish.

1)
Urartian: Ale (he says)
Kurdish: Ale ئەڵێ (he says)

Urartian: Shuri (sword)
Kurdish: Shur شوور  (sword)
Armenian: Sowr

Urartian: Kuri (foot, leg)
Kurdish: Qul قول (foot, leg)

Urartian: xur  (deep)
Kurdish: xur/qul/kur خووڕ/قوول/کوور (deep),

Hurrian: agul (carve)
Kurdish: 'kol-[în]' کۆڵین : (to digg), kêla: (plow)

Urartian: shini (you, plural)
Kurdish: hin هین/هون (you, plural, cf. sh>h a regular sound change in Kurdish)

Urartian: apa (he/she/it)
Kurdish: awa, aw/ava, av cf. Kurdish p>w and p>v ئەوە (he/she/it)

Urartian: Sale (kid)
Kurdish: Zaro زارۆ  (kid)
Armenian: jar (he-goat)

Urartian: tali (stick)
Kurdish: têla (stick, cf. Kurdish a>ê)

10)
Urartian: papi/bab/babani (mountain top)
Kurdish: pope پۆپە  (head)/ bani بانی (mountain top)

Urartian: qal/kar (kill/slay, subjugate)
Kurdish: qir قڕ (kill, slay, cf Kurdish a>i)

Hurrian: shur (war)
Kurdish: sher شەڕ (war)

Urartian: bidia (turn)
Kurdish: bada-n بادان (turn)

Urartian: da (give)
Kurdish: da, دا (give, Iranic and other IE languages have a similar lexeme)

Urartian: xus/hush (throw)
Kurdish: xis-[tin]/hawish-[tin] خستن/هاویشتن (throw, cf Kurdish u>i)

Urartian: karbe (rock, stone)
Kurdish: karra کەڕا (rock, stone)
Armenian: qar (rock, stone)

Urartian: quira (earth, dust)
Kurdish: qur, xol قوڕ/خۆڵ (earth, dust)

Hurrian: arte (earth, soil)
Kurdish: ard ئەرد/هەرد (earth, soil, cf Kurdish rt > rd)

Urartian: $erab (dry)
Kurdish: chora چۆڕا (dry)
Armenian: caraw (dry)

20)
Urartian: eue (and)
Kurdish: u ئوو (and) but see even Iranic ''ut''

Urartian: tur ( to leave)
Kurdish: tor-[an], تۆران to leave

Urartian: ul (to go)
Kurdish: lu-wan لوان (to go)

Urartian: ulhu (order)
Kurdish: ol ئۆل (religion)

Urartian: bura (slave, servant)
Kurdish: bora بۆرە (commoner, low-class)

Urartian: xarxar (destroy)
Kurdish: xirxal خرخاڵ (destroyed)

Urartian: ale (but)
Kurdish: lê لێ (but)

Urartian: duli (grape)
Kurdish: trê, tirî ترێ (grape, cf.  l>r and u>i)
Armenian: toli (grape)

Urartian: kapi  (capacity measure)
Kurdish: kap/qap کاپ/قاپ (capacity measure)

Urartian: nah (to bring)
Kurdish: hên-an/han-în هانین/هێنان (to bring)

30)
Urartian: pare (toward)
Kurdish: pîr پیر (toward),

Urartian: pile (water canal)
Kurdish: pil-û-sk پلووسک (rain canal)

Urartian: tan  (lay down)
Kurdish: dan-[an] دانان (lay down)

Hurrian: id- (hit, strike)
Kurdish: -d- (hit strike); ([lê] d-[an])

Urartian: teq- (to thump, to break)
Kurdish: teq-[în] تەقین (to thump, to break)

Urartian: uzgi (power, strength)
Kurdish: wuze وزە (power, strength, cf. Kurdish u- > w-)

Urartian: mari (lord, horseman)
Kurdish: mir میر (lord,  compare also with the Semitic ''Amir'')

Urartian: shu/shia (to go)
Kurdish: chu, چوو (to go, cf. also Iranic ''shiyaw'')

Urartian: euri  (lord)
Kurdish: hêwir هێور (brave)

Urartian: xarari (calm)
Kurdish: oqre ئۆقرە (calm),
Armenian:

40)
Urartian: zar (orchard)
Kurdish: zar زار (orchard)
Armenian: car (tree)

Urartian: ur (to place down)
Kurdish: wer-[in], وەرین (to place down, cf. Kurdish u-> w- )

Urartian: wal, (to win)
Kurdish: wêr-an وێران (to dare)

Urartian: zelbi (descendant)
Kurdish: zol زۆڵ (bastard)

Urartian: zeld, (to shatter the enemies)
Kurdish: zal زاڵ (to shatter the enemies)

Urartian: qarqar (throat)
Kurdish: qurg قورگ (throat, compare also with the Irano-Kurdish garû, and Persian galu, there is also another word in Kurdish: qurquroska)

Hurrian: kut/kud (to make fall, to kill)
Urartian: qot (piece)
Kurdish: kut کوت (piece), kut-a کوتان (to smash), kud (to kill)

Urartian: xubi (valley)
Kurdish: qopi قۆپی (valley, vale, plain)

Urartian: xare (to march, to raid)
Kurdish: xar غار (to march, to raid)

Hurrian: Hiuri (smoke)
Kurdish: Hulm هوڵم (steam)

50)
Urartian: $ue (river, lake)
Kurdish: chom/gom چۆم/گۆم  (rive lake)
Armenian: cov (lake)

Hurrian: tiv (word)
Urartian: tiw (to speak)
Kurdish: diw-an دوان (to speak)

Urartian: abeli/aweli (attach, increase)
Kurdish: awale/awela ئاواڵە/ئاوەڵا (open)

Urartian: an, (no)
Kurdish: na, نا (no; there is also a similar equivalent in Iranic)

Urartian: ari-beri
Kurdish: birin برن (to carry, there is also a similar equivalent in Iranic)

Urartian: ewani/ebani (land)
Kurdish: -wan وان  (suffix used after place-names)

Urartian: kulune (side)
Kurdish: qulin-chk قولینچک/ qurne قوڕنە (side, corner)
Armenian: koln

Urartian: man (to stay)
Kurdish: man مان (to stay), (resembles even Iranic, cf. New Persian ''mandan'')

Urartian: mana <Iranic (measure unite, mina)
Kurdish: man<Iranic (measure unite, mina)

Urartian: me (prohibitive particle)
Kurdish: me مە (prohibitive particle)

60)
Urartian: pahi (cattle)
Hurrian: pedari (cattle)
Kassite: badar (bull, cattle)
Kurdish: patal پاتاڵ (cattle)
Armenian: paxre

Urartian: par, to take off
Kurdish: pirr [-dan]  پڕ (to take off, cf. Kurdish a>i)

Urartian: kamn (old, earlier)
Kurdish: kavn/kawn کەڤن/کەون (old, cf. m>v but also Iranic ''kohan'' which has led to Kurdish ''kon'')

Urartian: pe? (under)
Kurdish: pe? پێ (under, foot, cf. even Iranic pey)

Urartian: shid (build)
Kurdish: chê-[kirin], چێ (build cf, kurdish d>nil)

Hurrian: awari
Kurdish: awari ئەواری (land, country, field, cf.  kurdawari, کوردەواری  / warê me وارێ مە)
(Armenian agarak has been suggested as an Armenian loan from 'awari'. Kurdish has even 'garak' with the same meaning).
Urartian: ur (territory)

Urartian: qapqari
Kurdish: gamaro (p>w>m cf Kurdish ziman<ziwan<zban)

Urartian: sher (hide)
Kurdish: sher/shar شێر/وەشارتن (hide)

Urartian: quldi (uninhabited)
Kurdish: kawil (کاول) (annihilate,destruction)

Urartian: ar- (give)
Kurdish: ar- (give, dialectal as in Slêmanî, for example: ''bi-ar-ê'': بیەرێ ''give him'')

70)
Urartian: ture (destroy)
Kurdish: ture تووڕە (angry)

Urartian: aba (desire)
Kurdish: awat ئاوات (desire), aw-in  ئەوین (to love)

Urartian: ada (again)
Kurdish: idi ئیدی (another, anymore)

Urartian: shal-i (year)
Kurdish: sal ساڵ (year, but Iranian ''sard'', New Persian has also ''sal'')
Armenian: tari

Urartian: šeh-i/eri/e, living  
Kurdish: zhiyar ژیار (living)

Urartian: arnu-ia (come to the aid of)
Kurdish: hana هانا (come to the aid of, cf Kurdish a- >ha- )

Urartian: lak- (to destroy)
Kurdish: Rûx-[an] رووخان (to destroy)

Urartian: 'are (granary)
Kurdish: harr هاڕ (granary, cf Kurdish ha-<-a, notice 'zimharr' زمهاڕ, meaning 'winter granary')

Urartian: ieshti (here)
Kurdish: hêsthte هێشتە (now)

Urartian: meshe (part, tribute, share)
Kurdish: mûche مووچە (part, tribute, share)

80)
Urartian: pi$ushe (joy)
Kurdish: pishû پشوو (holyday, vacation)

Hurrian: sheshe (six)
Kurdish: shesh شەش (six, but it is the same even in Iranic)

Urartian: izidu (admonish, command)
Kurdish: ezidi ئێزیدی (name of a native religion in Kurdistan)

urartian: yarani (kind of cultic building, altar)
Kurdish: yari یاری (name of a native religion in Kurdistan)

Urartian: aleu (dignity)
Kurdish: alewi ئالەوی (name of a native religion in Kurdistan)

Urartian and Hurrian: /-i/, /-iye/ (his, her, its)
Kurdish: /-i/, /-y/ ی (his, her, its)

Hurrian: /-v/ (your)
Kurdish: /-w/ و (your)

Urartian: ushanu (award, bestow, feel affection for )
Kurdish: wuchan وچان  (rest, reprieve)

Urartian: napahia (submission, bondage, domestication)
Kurdish: nawi نەوی  (low, a low level, position or degree), (p>w)

Urartian: tur (defeat, destroy)
Kurdish: dor- دۆڕ (defeat)

90)
Urartian: sal-zi (steep, abrupt)
Kurdish: sila سڵا (height)

Urartian: sil-e (woman, doughter)
Kurdish: selar سەلار (mistress of the house, beautiful woman) (note ''Selardi'', a lunar goddess of Urartu)

Urartian: lutu (woman)
Kurdish: lute لووتە (quoquettish woman)

Urartian: uldie (vineyard)
Kurdish: lote لۆتە  (grapes hanged in order to be sun dried in a vineyard)

Urartian: nikidu (water)
Kurdish: niqdo/niqût نقووت/نقدۆ (water infiltration, water dropping, water penetration), (plus some other cognates of the word)

Urartian: kan/kain (in front of)
Kurdish: kin کن (in front of, near) (but cf. also Iranic ''kenar'')

Urartian: haš-ia: (be interested in)
Kurdish: haz حەز (be interested in, love, like)

Urartian: d-u-: (do, cause to do)
Kurdish: da/di: ده/د (do, cause to do, used as a preffix for verbs)

Urartian: shalur (medlar)
Kurdish: shalor شەلۆر (nectarine)
Armenian: salor (plum) (clearly borrowed via Kurdish)

Urartian: mure (house)
Kurdish: mal ماڵ (house)

100)
Urartian: urishi (weapon)
Kurdish: hereshe هەڕەشە (threat), /(there is also ''huruzhim'': هوروژم attack)

Hurrian: shini (two)
Kurdish: shingil شنگڵ (twin, twin fruit)

Urartian: egur-hu (free)
Kurdish: xorayi خۆرایی (free)

Urartian: bad-gul (surround)
Kurdish: bawe-xulê باوەخولێ (turn around, also a kids game)

Urartian: aish-ti (leap, jump)
Kurdish: hej-an هەژان (quake)

Urartian: ibirani (whole, complete, full)
Kurdish: pirani پڕانی (majority)

Hurrian: hinzur (apple? pear?)
Kurdish: hencor هەنجۆر (unripe melon)

Urartian: kut-u (reach)
Kurdish: (geh<*ged) گەهشتن/گەیشتن (reach)

Urartian: ai/ay: (look, take care)
Kurdish: aw-ir ئاوڕ (look)

Urartian: di/erasia (fear)
Kurdish: tirs ترس (fear, but cf. also Iranic ''tars'')

110)
Urartian: Ti/er-usi, measure for liquid
Kurdish: Telîs?تەلیس measure of unit

Hurrian: ben
Kassite: ban
Kurdish: minal مناڵ (child)

Kassite: nadz (shade)
Kurdish: nisê نسێ (shade)

Kassite: ulam (son, child)
Urartian: alaue (man)
Kurdish: law لاو (young boy)

Hurrian:  çugi
Kassite: tsugi
Kurdish: chuk چووک (small)

Hurrian: ewri (dog)
Kurdish wer-în وەرین (barking of dog)

Hurrian: shiye (watery)
Kurdish: she شە (moisture)

Urartian: zainua (high)
Kurdish: zinar زنار (high cliff, high boulder)

Hurrian: shalmi (ashes, to burn)
Kurdish zhilemo ژیلەمۆ (burning ashes)

Urartian: amash (burnt)
Kurdish mêsh مێش (burnt ashes) (cf. ê<a)

120)
Hurrian: puhi (nose)
Kurdish: (kepû)  کەپۆ (nose)

Urartian: shepuiaru (spoil)
Kurdish: sheprêwشپڕێو (disorderly)

Urartian: mesh- (distribute, share)
Kurdish: wesh-[an] وەشان (distribute, share)

Urartian: teribi (monument)
Kurdish: tirb ترب (monument, grave) (not be confused with Arabic 'turbat': soil)

Hurrian: fur-i (viw)
Urartian: wur-i (view)
Kurdish: wuria  وریا  (viewer, careful), awur ئاووڕ (sight), (even the Kurdish verb ''ruwan''-[in] (view) is likely connected to the Urartian ''wur'', rarther than being a metathesis for Iranic ''negar'')

Hurrian: halv- (enclose)
Kurdish:  hal- هاڵ (enclose)

Urartian: kul-me (wealth, prosperity)
Kurdish: kel-k کەڵک (profitable, usefulness)

Hurrian: pâl (false)
Kurdish: fêl فێڵ (fraud)

Hurrian: tapsh- (destroy)
Kurdish: tawjm  تەوژم (pressure), tapi (destroy)

Hurrian: apxe (louse)
Kurdish: aspe ئەسپێ (louse)

130)
Hurrian: kapp- (fill)
Kurdish: kipp کپ (filled)

Hurrian: azhoge (meal)
Kurdish: azhge/zig (stomach)

Hurrian: kul- (to speak)
Kurdish: qul- قوول (to speak aloud)

Hurrian: timeri (black)
Kurdish: tem تەم (darkness)

Urartian: tara-gie (powerful, strong)
Kurdish: daraqat دەرەقەت (to be powerful, to be strong)

Urartian: tam-hu (eliminate separate)
Kurdish: toq-[andin]<tawq (terrorize, frighten)

Urartian: shi-u (carry away)
Kurdish: shi-[andin] (send)

Urartian: anda-ni (right)
Kurdish: and ئاند (right)

Urartian: irb-u (take away grab)
Kurdish: rev-[andin]/rif-[andin] (take away, grab) (but cf. also Iranian 'robudan', take away, grab)

Urartian: pit- (beat apart, destroy)
Kurdish: pis-/pichr- (beat apart, destroy)

140)
Urartian: tishni (heart)
Kurdish: dine دنە (encourage) (cf. t > d & sh > nil)

Urartian: ti-ni (name)
Kurdish: deng دەنگ (voice)

Urartian: bauše (word)
Kurdish: wuše وشە (word)

Urartian: durba (revolt, rebel)
Kurdish: tola (revenge)

Urartian: hut-ia (to ask)
Kurdish: qut-abî (student)

Hurrian: fir (remove, untie)
Kurdish: fir, firê (throw)

Hurrian: halme (singing)
Kurdish: hore هۆرە (singing)

Hurrian: havur (heaven)
Kurdish: hawr (cloud), (note also Indo-Iranic abra)

Urartian: agu (lead away) (of IE origin?)
Kurdish: ajo-[tin] ئاژۆتن (lead away, drive)

Hurrian: asti (woman)
Kurdish: astê (name of a beloved woman in Kurdish folklore)

150)
Hurrian: tav/(-b) (to cast metal)
Kurdish: taw (thaw, melt)

Hurrian: ai (if)
Kurdish: ai (if)

Hurrian: alilan (lament)
Kurdish: lalan (lament)

Hurrian: çabalgi (fault)
Kurdish: çapal چەپەڵ (dirty)

Hurrian: xiyari (all)
Kurdish: xir (all)

Hurrian: çere (donkey)
Kurdish: ker (donkey)

Hurrian: çik- (break)
Kurdish: shik- (break)

Hurrian: xîri (hour, time, moment)
Kurdish: xêra خێرا (soon, hurry)

Hurrian: xizli (coiled)
Kurdish: cexiz جەخز(coiled)

Hurrian: xub- (to break, to destroy)
Kurdish: qup- (to break, to destroy)

160)
Hurrian: istani (between, among)
Kurdish: astang ئاستەنگ (obstacle)

Hurrian: izikun- (to wail)
Kurdish: zikan- (to wail)

Hurrian: kakari (sort of ritual bread)
Kurdish: kullêre, kellane (sort of ritual bread)

Hurrian: magunni (desire)
Kurdish: magirani (desire)

‌Hurrian: shakari or sagari (sprout, bud)
Kurdish: chakara چەکەرە (sprout, bud)

Hurrian: arushal (hurry)
Kurdish: halasha هەڵەشە (stressful)

Hurrian: heni (now)
Kurdish: henu-ke, niha, neha (now)

Hurrian: parili (crime)
Kurdish: palamar پەلامار (attack)

Hurrian: adi (thus)
Kurdish: dai (thus)

Hurrian: ak-i/u (other)
Kurdish: -ka (other)

170)
Hurrian: we (thou)
Kurdish: ê-we (you)

Hurrian: buru (strong)
Kurdish: wure ورە (strength)

Hurrian: çam (rip)
Kurdish çam (bend)

Hurrian: zurgi (blood)
Kurdish: zûx (blood), (compare, xwênaw=zûxaw)

Hurrian: xahli (cheek)
Kurdish: kulm (cheek)

Hurrian: halwu (fence made with stones)
Kurdish: hêl هێڵ (fence)

Hurrian: xawirni (lamb)
Kurdish kawir کاوڕ (young sheep)

Hurrian: xamaz- (oppress)
Kurdish chaws- (oppress)

Hurrian: hendz (constrain)
Kurdish: hêndj (constrain)

Hurrian: xerari (sinew)
Kurdish: kiroje (sinew)

180)
Hurrian: xeshmi (bright)
Kurdish: gesh (bright)

Hurrian: kalgi (weak)
Kurdish qals/qirj (weak)

Hurrian: nali (deer)
Kurdish: nêrî (male adult goat)

Hurrian: nawn- (pasture)
Kurdish: naw- (pasture)

Hurrian: ul- (to, eat, to devour)
Kurdish: lawar( la-war-) (to devour)

Hurrian: ubi (stupid, insane)
Kurdish: hapa (stupid, insane)

Hurrian: ashxu (high)
Kurdish: shax (mountain), also 'asê' means: uppward, high.

Hurrian: kaziari (high mountains of the Mesopotamian valley)
Kurdish: kazh (high mountain)

Hurrian: kewiranna (the senate, the old men)
Kurdish: gewran  (the big ones, the adult ones)

Hurrian: kuzh- (to keep, to retain)
Kurdish: kush- (to hold in hands, to press in hands), alt: Kurdish qoz- (to catch)

190)
Hurrian: nekri (<nek, negh) (lock)
Kurdish: neq نقاندن (niq/nûq)- (to close)

Hurrian: shalhi (to listen)
Kurdish: shil (listen)

Hurrian: siba (dry)
Kurdish: zuwa زوا (dry)

Urartian: dibi (building, room)
Kurdish: diw دیو (room)

Hurrian: shu (day)
Kurdish: shawa-ki (morning, day)

Hurrian: shirat (narrate)
Kurdish: shirove (narrate)

Hurrian: tishan (very much)
Kurdish: tizha تژە (full)

Urartian: sutug (tear away, unjoin)
Kurdish: shetek (knot)

Urartian: gey (anything)
Kurdish gi گ (anything)

Hurrian: baz (enter)
Kurdish: baz (pass by)

200)
Hurrian: xeban-: (to set moving)
Kurdish: xebi- خەبتین (to be active)

Hurrian: hamadz-: (to oppress)
Kurdish: chaws- (to oppress)

Hurrian: haz- (to hear)
Kurdish: bihiz-: (to hear)

Hurrian: xaz (to oil)
Kurdish: xiz (oily, slippery)

Hurrian: pas- (to send somebody)
Kurdish: pas- (to send, as in 'hal pasardin': 'to send into exile')

‌Hurrian: shagari (ram)
Kurdish: shak (young sheep)

Hurrian: pal (know, understand)
Kurdish: fêr (learn)

Urartian: -kai (position, in place)
Kurdish: -ka (location suffix)

Urartian: muš- (true, fair)
Kurdish: mušur موشوور (fairness)

Hurrian: abi (in front of)
Kurdish: ba (in front of, near)

210)
Hurrian: shimi (sun)
Kurdish: shem (sun) (focilized in shemshemekwere, ''blind for the sun'': ''bat''.

Urartian: derzu/derju (order, arrangement)
Kurdish: darêj- (order, arrangement)

Urartian: tep- (throw down)
Kurdish: tep- (throw down)

Urartian: atqan: (to consecrate)
Kurdish: tarxân (to consecrate)

Urartian: shuki (as)
Kurdish: waki < hoki<shuki وەکی (as)

Hurrian: hur (drink)
Urartian: xurishe (irrigator)
Kurdish: qurishke قوریشکە (cup)

Urartian: ulx (flow out)
Kurdish: bilqبڵق  (b<w, bubble)

Urartian: alga-ni (mountain)
Kurdish: Lêj لێژ (abrupt, steep)

Urartian: auiei (somewher)
Kurdish: awê ئەوێ (there)

Urartian: puluse (inscription, stele)
Kurdish: psule (voucher, receipt)

220)
Urartian: niribe (herd)
Kurdish: ran (herd)

Urartian: iese/ieshe? (I, pronoun)
Kurdish: ez ئەز (I, resembles also the old Iranian 'azm', but which one is 'az' actually derives of? Armenians claim Armenian 'yes' (I) is derived of Ur. 'iese

Urartian: armuzi (family, clan, generation)
Kurdish:  hoz هۆز  (clan) + rama (seed, from to-rama)

Hurrian: hemz (surround)
Kurdish: amêz, hembêz ئامیز (hug)

Urartian: zani (cry out)
Kurdish: zhan, jan, ژان (agony)

Hurrian: karshi (lips)
Kurdish: kalpa کەڵپە (animal lips)

Hurrian:  wirwir (loosen)
Kurdish: wilwil ولوڵ (loosen)

Kassite: ash (earth, soil)
Hurrian: esh (earth, soil)
Kurdish: ax ئاخ (earth, soil)

Urartian: qarmexî (gift, present, sacrifice, celebration)
Kurdish: qelin قەلین (gift, dowry)

Urartian: -atuhi (-ness)
Kurdish: -ati (-ness)

230)
Urartian: aman- (vessel, pot)
Kurdish: aman- ئامان (vessel, pot)

God of lightning and storm
Hurrian: Teshup
Urartian: Tesheba
Kassite: Tishpak
Kurdish: Tishk تیشک (light, radiance)

Hurrian: shu (hand)
Kurdish: shop (hand palm)

Hurrian: chilman- (to break, vanish)
Kurdish: chilmis- (fade)

Urartian: shur (wall around a castle, fence, borders of the kingdom)
Kurdish: shure (wall around a castle, fence)

Hurrian: xalwu (fence made with stones)
Kurdish: xal خەڵ (fence made with stones)

Hurrian: ya/ye (who, which, what)
Kurdish: ya/ye (who, which, what)

Hurrian: tun- (to win)
Kurdish: tuna توونا (defeated, destroyed)

Hurrian: taridi (pot)
Kurdish: tirar (pot)

Hurrian: kol (let off)
Kurdish: kol (let off) (as in ''le kol bunewe'')

240)
Hurrian:shir (to be suffiecent)
Kurdish: têr (to be suffiecent)

Hurrian: ha (take)
Kurdish: ha (take!)

Hurrian: tijari (spindle)
Kurdish: teshi (spindle)

Hurrian: ábri  (stock of wood-logs)
Kurdish: awirdu (stock of wood-logs), awirig (oven)

Hurrian: baq- (destroy)
Kurdish: baq- بەقین (explode)

Hurrian: bashi (mouth)
Kurdish: bêj (to say), (common a>ê)

Hurrian: pashixi (message)
Kurdish: pazhux (answer)

Hurrian: tad- (love)
Kurdish: dalal (beloved) (common d>l)

Hurrian: tagi (beatiful)
Urartian: taugi (clean)
Kurdish: daq دەق (cheerful)

Hurrian: hild-/held- (high, raise, elevate)
Kurdish: hild-/held- هەڵدان/هڵدان (rasie, elevate)

250)
‌Hurrian: kabli (copper)
Kurdish: paqir پاقڕ (copper)

Kassite: kukla (slave)
Kurdish: kukla (doll), kukm (homeless)

Hurrian: kumdi (tower)
Kurdish: kumadj کۆماج (column)

Hurrian: kubakhi (hood)
Kurdish: kumik (hood)

Urartian: korde (uncultivated, desolate)
Kurdish: kode (uncultivated, desolate)

Hurrian: kundzi (to kneel)
Kurdish: kudik (knee)

Hurrian: Xiríti (trench)
Kurdish: Xir (trench)

(See also Urartian morphology and Kurdish)

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